The following is a list of this century's most controversial government
activities.
1931
Dr. Cornelius Rhoads, under the auspices of the Rockefeller
Institute for
Medical Investigations, infects human subjects with cancer
cells. He later
goes on to establish the U.S. Army Biological Warfare
facilities in
Maryland, Utah, and Panama, and is named to the U.S. Atomic
Energy
Commission. While there, he begins a series of radiation exposure
experiments on American soldiers and civilian hospital patients.
1932
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study begins. 200 black men diagnosed with
syphilis
are never told of their illness, are denied treatment, and instead
are used
as human guinea pigs in order to follow the progression and
symptoms of the
disease. They all subsequently die from syphilis, their
families never told
that they could have been treated.
1935
The Pellagra Incident. After millions of individuals die from
Pellagra over
a span of two decades, the U.S. Public Health Service finally
acts to stem
the disease. The director of the agency admits it had known for
at least 20
years that Pellagra is caused by a niacin deficiency but failed
to act since
most of the deaths occured within poverty-striken black
populations.
1940
Four hundred prisoners in Chicago are infected with Malaria in
order to
study the effects of new and experimental drugs to combat the
disease. Nazi
doctors later on trial at Nuremberg cite this American study
to defend their
own actions during the Holocaust.
1942
Chemical Warfare Services begins mustard gas experiments on
approximately
4,000 servicemen. The experiments continue until 1945 and made
use of
Seventh Day Adventists who chose to become human guinea pigs rather
than
serve on active duty.
1943
In response to Japan's full-scale germ warfare program, the U.S.
begins
research on biological weapons at Fort Detrick, MD.
1944
U.S. Navy uses human subjects to test gas masks and clothing.
Individuals
were locked in a gas chamber and exposed to mustard gas and
lewisite.
1945
Project Paperclip is initiated. The U.S. State Department, Army
intelligence, and the CIA recruit Nazi scientists and offer them immunity
and secret identities in exchange for work on top secret government projects
in the United States.
"Program F" is implemented by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC).
This
is the most extensive U.S. study of the health effects of fluoride,
which
was the key chemical component in atomic bomb production. One of the
most
toxic chemicals known to man, fluoride, it is found, causes marked
adverse
effects to the central nervous system but much of the information is
squelched in the name of national security because of fear that lawsuits
would undermine full-scale production of atomic bombs.
1946
Patients in VA hospitals are used as guinea pigs for medical
experiments. In
order to allay suspicions, the order is given to change the
word
"experiments" to "investigations" or "observations" whenever reporting
a
medical study performed in one of the nation's veteran's hospitals.
1947
Colonel E.E. Kirkpatrick of the U.S. Atomic Energy Comission
issues a secret
document (Document 07075001, January 8, 1947) stating that
the agency will
begin administering intravenous doses of radioactive
substances to human
subjects.
The CIA begins its study of LSD as a potential weapon for use by American
intelligence. Human subjects (both civilian and military) are used with and
without their knowledge.
1950
Department of Defense begins plans to detonate nuclear weapons in
desert
areas and monitor downwind residents for medical problems and
mortality
rates.
In an experiment to determine how susceptible an American city would be to
biological attack, the U.S. Navy sprays a cloud of bacteria from ships over
San Franciso. Monitoring devices are situated throughout the city in order
to test the extent of infection. Many residents become ill with
pneumonia-like symptoms.
1951
Department of Defense begins open air tests using
disease-producing bacteria
and viruses. Tests last through 1969 and there is
concern that people in the
surrounding areas have been exposed.
1953
U.S. military releases clouds of zinc cadmium sulfide gas over
Winnipeg, St.
Louis, Minneapolis, Fort Wayne, the Monocacy River Valley in
Maryland, and
Leesburg, Virginia. Their intent is to determine how
efficiently they could
disperse chemical agents.
Joint Army-Navy-CIA experiments are conducted in which tens of thousands
of
people in New York and San Francisco are exposed to the airborne germs
Serratia marcescens and Bacillus glogigii.
CIA initiates Project MKULTRA. This is an eleven year research program
designed to produce and test drugs and biological agents that would be used
for mind control and behavior modification. Six of the subprojects involved
testing the agents on unwitting human beings.
1955
The CIA, in an experiment to test its ability to infect human
populations
with biological agents, releases a bacteria withdrawn from the
Army's
biological warfare arsenal over Tampa Bay, Fl.
Army Chemical Corps continues LSD research, studying its potential use as
a
chemical incapacitating agent. More than 1,000 Americans participate in
the
tests, which continue until 1958.
1956
U.S. military releases mosquitoes infected with Yellow Fever over
Savannah,
Ga and Avon Park, Fl. Following each test, Army agents posing as
public
health officials test victims for effects.
1958
LSD is tested on 95 volunteers at the Army's Chemical Warfare
Laboratories
for its effect on intelligence.
1960
The Army Assistant Chief-of-Staff for Intelligence (ACSI)
authorizes field
testing of LSD in Europe and the Far East. Testing of the
european
population is code named Project THIRD CHANCE; testing of the Asian
population is code named Project DERBY HAT.
1965
Project CIA and Department of Defense begin Project MKSEARCH, a
program to
develop a capability to manipulate human behavior through the use
of
mind-altering drugs.
1965
Prisoners at the Holmesburg State Prison in Philadelphia are
subjected to
dioxin, the highly toxic chemical component of Agent Orange
used in Viet
Nam. The men are later studied for development of cancer, which
indicates
that Agent Orange had been a suspected carcinogen all along.
1966
CIA initiates Project MKOFTEN, a program to test the
toxicological effects
of certain drugs on humans and animals.
U.S. Army dispenses Bacillus subtilis variant niger throughout the New
York
City subway system. More than a million civilians are exposed when army
scientists drop lightbulbs filled with the bacteria onto ventilation grates.
1967
CIA and Department of Defense implement Project MKNAOMI,
successor to
MKULTRA and designed to maintain, stockpile and test biological
and chemical
weapons.
1968
CIA experiments with the possibility of poisoning drinking water
by
injecting chemicals into the water supply of the FDA in Washington, D.C.
1969
Dr. Robert MacMahan of the Department of Defense requests from
congress $10
million to develop, within 5 to 10 years, a synthetic
biological agent to
which no natural immunity exists.
1970
Funding for the synthetic biological agent is obtained under H.R.
15090. The
project, under the supervision of the CIA, is carried out by the
Special
Operations Division at Fort Detrick, the army's top secret
biological
weapons facility. Speculation is raised that molecular biology
techniques
are used to produce AIDS-like retroviruses.
United States intensifies its development of "ethnic weapons" (Military
Review, Nov., 1970), designed to selectively target and eliminate specific
ethnic groups who are susceptible due to genetic differences and variations
in DNA.
1975
The virus section of Fort Detrick's Center for Biological Warfare
Research
is renamed the Fredrick Cancer Research Facilities and placed under
the
supervision of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) . It is here that a
special virus cancer program is initiated by the U.S. Navy, purportedly to
develop cancer-causing viruses. It is also here that retrovirologists
isolate a virus to which no immunity exists. It is later named HTLV (Human
T-cell Leukemia Virus).
1977
Senate hearings on Health and Scientific Research confirm that
239 populated
areas had been contaminated with biological agents between
1949 and 1969.
Some of the areas included San Francisco, Washington, D.C.,
Key West, Panama
City, Minneapolis, and St. Louis.
1978
Experimental Hepatitis B vaccine trials, conducted by the CDC,
begin in New
York, Los Angeles and San Francisco. Ads for research subjects
specifically
ask for promiscuous homosexual men.
1981
First cases of AIDS are confirmed in homosexual men in New York,
Los Angeles
and San Francisco, triggering speculation that AIDS may have
been introduced
via the Hepatitis B vaccine
1985
According to the journal Science (227:173-177), HTLV and VISNA, a
fatal
sheep virus, are very similar, indicating a close taxonomic and
evolutionary
relationship.
1986
According to the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
(83:4007-4011), HIV and VISNA are highly similar and share all structural
elements, except for a small segment which is nearly identical to HTLV. This
leads to speculation that HTLV and VISNA may have been linked to produce a
new retrovirus to which no natural immunity exists.
A report to Congress reveals that the U.S. Government's current generation
of biological agents includes: modified viruses, naturally occurring toxins,
and agents that are altered through genetic engineering to change
immunological character and prevent treatment by all existing vaccines.
1987
Department of Defense admits that, despite a treaty banning
research and
development of biological agents, it continues to operate
research
facilities at 127 facilities and universities around the nation.
1990
More than 1500 six-month old black and hispanic babies in Los
Angeles are
given an "experimental" measles vaccine that had never been
licensed for use
in the United States. CDC later admits that parents were
never informed that
the vaccine being injected to their children was
experimental.
1994
With a technique called "gene tracking," Dr. Garth Nicolson at
the MD
Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, TX discovers that many returning
Desert
Storm veterans are infected with an altered strain of Mycoplasma
incognitus,
a microbe commonly used in the production of biological weapons.
Incorporated into its molecular structure is 40 percent of the HIV protein
coat, indicating that it had been man-made.
Senator John D. Rockefeller issues a report revealing that for at least 50
years the Department of Defense has used hundreds of thousands of military
personnel in human experiments and for intentional exposure to dangerous
substances. Materials included mustard and nerve gas, ionizing radiation,
psychochemicals, hallucinogens, and drugs used during the Gulf War .
1995
U.S. Government admits that it had offered Japanese war criminals
and
scientists who had performed human medical experiments salaries and
immunity
from prosecution in exchange for data on biological warfare
research.
Dr. Garth Nicolson, uncovers evidence that the biological agents used
during
the Gulf War had been manufactured in Houston, TX and Boca Raton, Fl
and
tested on prisoners in the Texas Department of Corrections.
1996
Department of Defense admits that Desert Storm soldiers were
exposed to
chemical agents.
1997
Eighty-eight members of Congress sign a letter demanding an
investigation
into bioweapons use & Gulf War Syndrome.
2000
Terminal experiments are being carried out on Women, babies, men of all
ages.
Article taken from GOVERNMENT FACTS & STATS